介詞的其它意義

 

　　(1)on ,about 關(guān)于

 

　　on 表示這本書、文章、演說是嚴(yán)肅的學(xué)術(shù)性的，供專門研究這一問題的人閱讀;

 

　　about表示內(nèi)容較為普通，不那么正式。

 

　　例句：There will be a lecture on economics this afternoon.

 

　　He is writing a book on cooking.

 

　　He told me a lot about his life in the summer vocation.

 

　　(2)by, with, in 表示方法、手段、工具

 

　　by 以……方法、手段或泛指某種交通工具;

 

　　with 表示用 …工具、手段，一般接具體的工具和手段;

 

　　in 表示用…方式，用…語言(語調(diào)、筆墨、顏色)等;

 

　　例句：He makes a living by selling newspapers.

 

　　He broke the window with a stone.

 

　　The foreigner spoke to us in English.

 

　　(3)except, besides 除了

 

　　except 除……之外，不包括在內(nèi);

 

　　besides 除……之外，包括在內(nèi)。

 

　　例句：Except Mr. Wang, we went to see the film.(王先生沒去)

 

　　Besides Mr. Wang, we also went to see the film.(王先生也去了)

 

　�、� this / that / these / those / last / next / a / every / each等詞構(gòu)成的時(shí)間短語,前面不用任何介詞。如：Every year travelers from abroad come to visit Pingyao.(每年都有國(guó)外的游客來游覽平窯鎮(zhèn))/ He had a bad cold that week.(那個(gè)星期他患重感冒)

 

　�、� for有時(shí)用來引出動(dòng)詞不定式的邏輯主語,常翻譯成"對(duì)于…而言"。如：It's too hard for me to finish the work in only one hour.(讓我在區(qū)區(qū)一個(gè)小時(shí)內(nèi)完成這項(xiàng)工作太難了)/ The house is big enough for 10 men to live in.(房子夠大的可以容10個(gè)人住)

 

　　⑶ of有時(shí)用來表示后面的人物正好是前面的表語的邏輯主語。如：It's very nice/kind of you to do so.(你這么做真是太好了)

 

　�、� 介詞有時(shí)會(huì)與它的賓語分離,而且賓語前置。

 

　　當(dāng)賓語是疑問詞時(shí)。Who are you talking about?(你們?cè)谡務(wù)撜l?)

 

　　賓語在從句中當(dāng)連接詞時(shí)。He has a younger brother who he must take good care of.(他有一個(gè)需要他照顧的小弟。) / Do you know who our teacher is talking with over there?(你知道我們的老師在那邊和什么人談話嗎?)

 

　　動(dòng)詞不定式作定語且該動(dòng)詞為不及物動(dòng)詞,后面有介詞。I finally found a chair to sit on.(我最終找到了一張椅子坐。)

 

　　(5) 記住一些固定詞組：arrive at/in(到達(dá)…),on foot(步行),not…at all(根本不),to the north of(在…以北),in the east of(在…的東部),in the night(在夜間),at night(在晚上),be afraid of(害怕…),be full of(充滿/ 裝滿….),be filled with(充滿/ 裝滿….),be good/bad for(對(duì)…有益/有害),be made of(由…做成),be made from(由…制造),play with(玩耍……),look out of(朝…外面看),at the end of(在…末梢/結(jié)束時(shí)),by the end of(不遲于…/到…末為止),with the help of或with one's help(在…的幫助下),look after(照料…),look for(尋找…),on a bike(=by bike)騎車, help sb. with(幫某人做…),get on (well) with(與某人相處[融洽]),等等。